for and range - Rust By Example
Description: A description

# for loops

## for and range

The `for in` construct can be used to iterate through an `Iterator`. One of the easiest ways to create an iterator is to use the range notation `a..b`. This yields values from `a` (inclusive) to `b` (exclusive) in steps of one.

Let's write FizzBuzz using `for` instead of `while`.

    fn main() {
        // `n` will take the values: 1, 2, ..., 100 in each iteration
        for n in 1..101 {
            if n % 15 == 0 {
                println!("fizzbuzz");
            } else if n % 3 == 0 {
                println!("fizz");
            } else if n % 5 == 0 {
                println!("buzz");
            } else {
                println!("{}", n);
            }
        }
    }

Alternatively, `a..=b` can be used for a range that is inclusive on both ends. The above can be written as:

    fn main() {
        // `n` will take the values: 1, 2, ..., 100 in each iteration
        for n in 1..=100 {
            if n % 15 == 0 {
                println!("fizzbuzz");
            } else if n % 3 == 0 {
                println!("fizz");
            } else if n % 5 == 0 {
                println!("buzz");
            } else {
                println!("{}", n);
            }
        }
    }

## for and iterators

The `for in` construct is able to interact with an `Iterator` in several ways. As discussed in with the Iterator trait, if not specified, the `for` loop will apply the `into_iter` function on the collection provided to convert the collection into an iterator. This is not the only means to convert a collection into an iterator however, the other functions available include `iter` and `iter_mut`.

These 3 functions will return different views of the data within your collection.

- `iter` - This borrows each element of the collection through each iteration. Thus leaving the collection untouched and available for reuse after the loop.

    fn main() {
        let names = vec!["Bob", "Frank", "Ferris"];

        for name in names.iter() {
            match name {
                &"Ferris" => println!("There is a rustacean among us!"),
                _ => println!("Hello {}", name),
            }
        }
    }

- `into_iter` - This consumes the collection so that on each iteration the exact data is provided. Once the collection has been consumed it is no longer available for reuse as it has been 'moved' within the loop.

    fn main() {
        let names = vec!["Bob", "Frank", "Ferris"];

        for name in names.into_iter() {
            match name {
                "Ferris" => println!("There is a rustacean among us!"),
                _ => println!("Hello {}", name),
            }
        }
    }

- `iter_mut` - This mutably borrows each element of the collection, allowing for the collection to be modified in place.

    fn main() {
        let mut names = vec!["Bob", "Frank", "Ferris"];

        for name in names.iter_mut() {
            match name {
                &mut "Ferris" => println!("There is a rustacean among us!"),
                _ => println!("Hello {}", name),
            }
        }
    }

In the above snippets note the type of `match` branch, that is the key difference in the types of iteration. The difference in type then of course implies differing actions that are able to be performed.

### See also

Iterator