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MYSQL_UPGRADE(1) MySQL Database System MYSQL_UPGRADE(1)
NAME
mysql_upgrade - check and upgrade MySQL tables
SYNOPSIS
mysql_upgrade [options]
DESCRIPTION
mysql_upgrade examines all tables in all databases for
incompatibilities with the current version of MySQL Server.
mysql_upgrade also upgrades the system tables so that you can take
advantage of new privileges or capabilities that might have been added.
If mysql_upgrade finds that a table has a possible incompatibility, it
performs a table check and, if problems are found, attempts a table
repair. If the table cannot be repaired, see Section 2.11.4,
"Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes" for manual table repair
strategies.
You should execute mysql_upgrade each time you upgrade MySQL.
As of MySQL 5.7.5, mysql_upgrade communicates directly with the MySQL
server, sending it the SQL statements required to perform an upgrade.
Before 5.7.5, mysql_upgrade invokes the mysql and mysqlcheck client
programs to perform the required operations. For the older
implementation, if you install MySQL from RPM packages on Linux, you
must install the server and client RPMs. mysql_upgrade is included in
the server RPM but requires the client RPM because the latter includes
mysqlcheck. (See Section 2.5.5, "Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM
Packages".)
Important
If you upgrade to MySQL 5.7.2 or later from a version older than
5.7.2, a change to the mysql.user table requires a special sequence
of steps to perform an upgrade using mysql_upgrade. For details,
see Section 2.11.1.1, "Changes Affecting Upgrades to MySQL 5.7".
Note
On Windows Server 2008, Vista, and newer, you must run
mysql_upgrade with administrator privileges. You can do this by
running a Command Prompt as Administrator and running the command.
Failure to do so may result in the upgrade failing to execute
correctly.
Caution
You should always back up your current MySQL installation before
performing an upgrade. See Section 7.2, "Database Backup Methods".
Some upgrade incompatibilities may require special handling before
you upgrade your MySQL installation and run mysql_upgrade. See
Section 2.11.1, "Upgrading MySQL", for instructions on determining
whether any such incompatibilities apply to your installation and
how to handle them.
To use mysql_upgrade, make sure that the server is running. Then invoke
it like this to check and repair tables and to upgrade the system
tables:
shell> mysql_upgrade [options]
After running mysql_upgrade, stop the server and restart it so that any
changes made to the system tables take effect.
If you have multiple MySQL server instances running, invoke
mysql_upgrade with connection parameters appropriate for connecting to
the desired server. For example, with servers running on the local host
on parts 3306 through 3308, upgrade each of them by connecting to the
appropriate port:
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3306 [other_options]
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3307 [other_options]
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3308 [other_options]
For local host connections on Unix, the --protocol=tcp option forces a
connection using TCP/IP rather than the Unix socket file.
mysql_upgrade processes all tables in all databases, which might take a
long time to complete. Each table is locked and therefore unavailable
to other sessions while it is being processed. Check and repair
operations can be time-consuming, particularly for large tables.
For details about what table-checking operations entail, see the
description of the FOR UPGRADE option of the CHECK TABLE statement (see
Section 13.7.2.2, "CHECK TABLE Syntax").
All checked and repaired tables are marked with the current MySQL
version number. This ensures that next time you run mysql_upgrade with
the same version of the server, it can tell whether there is any need
to check or repair the table again.
mysql_upgrade also saves the MySQL version number in a file named
mysql_upgrade_info in the data directory. This is used to quickly check
whether all tables have been checked for this release so that
table-checking can be skipped. To ignore this file and perform the
check regardless, use the --force option.
As of MySQL 5.7.2, mysql_upgrade checks user table rows and, for any
row with an empty plugin column, sets that column to
'mysql_native_password' or 'mysql_old_password' depending on the hash
format of the Password column value. As of MySQL 5.7.5, support for
pre-4.1 password hashing and mysql_old_password is removed, so
mysql_upgrade sets empty plugin values to 'mysql_native_password' if
the Password column uses a hash format compatible with that plugin.
Rows with a pre-4.1 password hash must be upgraded manually. For
account upgrade instructions, see Section 6.3.9.3, "Migrating Away from
Pre-4.1 Password Hashing and the mysql_old_password Plugin".
mysql_upgrade does not upgrade the contents of the help tables. For
upgrade instructions, see Section 5.1.10, "Server-Side Help".
As of MySQL 5.7.7, unless invoked with the --skip-sys-schema option,
mysql_upgrade installs the sys schema if it is not installed, and
upgrades it to the current version otherwise. mysql_upgrade returns an
error if a sys schema exists but has no version view, on the assumption
that its absence indicates a user-created schema:
Error occurred: A sys schema exists with no sys.version view. If
you have a user created sys schema, this must be renamed for the
upgrade to succeed.
To upgrade in this case, remove or rename the existing sys schema
first.
In MySQL 5.7.9 and later, mysql_upgrade checks for partitioned InnoDB
tables that were created using the generic partitioning handler and
attempts to upgrade them to InnoDB native partitioning (used in MySQL
5.7.6 and later). (Bug #76734, Bug #20727344) Also beginning with MySQL
5.7.9, you can upgrade such tables individually in the mysql client
using the ALTER TABLE ... UPGRADE PARTITIONING SQL statement.
By default, mysql_upgrade runs as the MySQL root user. If the root
password is expired when you run mysql_upgrade, you will see a message
that your password is expired and that mysql_upgrade failed as a
result. To correct this, reset the root password to unexpire it and run
mysql_upgrade again. First, connect to the server as root:
shell> mysql -u root -p
Enter password: **** <- enter root password here
Reset the password using the appropriate SQL statement. As of MySQL
5.7.6, use ALTER USER:
mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'root-password';
Before 5.7.6, use SET PASSWORD:
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root-password');
Then exit mysql and run mysql_upgrade again:
shell> mysql_upgrade [options]
mysql_upgrade supports the following options, which can be specified on
the command line or in the [mysql_upgrade] and [client] groups of an
option file. For information about option files used by MySQL programs,
see Section 4.2.6, "Using Option Files".
o --help
Display a short help message and exit.
o --basedir=dir_name
The path to the MySQL installation directory. This option was
removed in MySQL 5.7.2.
o --bind-address=ip_address
On a computer having multiple network interfaces, use this option
to select which interface to use for connecting to the MySQL
server. This option was added in MySQL 5.7.5.
o --character-sets-dir=dir_name
The directory where character sets are installed. See Section 10.5,
"Character Set Configuration".
o --compress, -C
Compress all information sent between the client and the server if
both support compression. The -C form of this option was added in
MySQL 5.7.5.
o --datadir=dir_name
The path to the data directory. This option was removed in MySQL
5.7.2.
o --debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]
Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is
d:t:o,file_name. The default is d:t:O,/tmp/mysql_upgrade.trace.
o --debug-check
Print some debugging information when the program exits.
o --debug-info, -T
Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics
when the program exits.
o --default-auth=plugin
A hint about the client-side authentication plugin to use. See
Section 6.3.8, "Pluggable Authentication".
o --default-character-set=charset_name
Use charset_name as the default character set. See Section 10.5,
"Character Set Configuration".
o --defaults-extra-file=file_name
Read this option file after the global option file but (on Unix)
before the user option file. If the file does not exist or is
otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. file_name is interpreted
relative to the current directory if given as a relative path name
rather than a full path name.
o --defaults-file=file_name
Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist or is
otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. file_name is interpreted
relative to the current directory if given as a relative path name
rather than a full path name.
o --defaults-group-suffix=str
Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with the
usual names and a suffix of str. For example, mysql_upgrade
normally reads the [client] and [mysql_upgrade] groups. If the
--defaults-group-suffix=_other option is given, mysql_upgrade also
reads the [client_other] and [mysql_upgrade_other] groups.
o --force
Ignore the mysql_upgrade_info file and force execution even if
mysql_upgrade has already been executed for the current version of
MySQL.
o --host=host_name, -h host_name
Connect to the MySQL server on the given host.
o --login-path=name
Read options from the named login path in the .mylogin.cnf login
path file. A "login path" is an option group containing options
that specify which MySQL server to connect to and which account to
authenticate as. To create or modify a login path file, use the
mysql_config_editor utility. See mysql_config_editor(1).
o --max-allowed-packet=value
The maximum size of the buffer for client/server communication. The
default value is 24MB. The minimum and maximum values are 4KB and
2GB. This option was added in MySQL 5.7.5.
o --net-buffer-length=value
The initial size of the buffer for client/server communication. The
default value is 1MB - 1KB. The minimum and maximum values are 4KB
and 16MB. This option was added in MySQL 5.7.5.
o --no-defaults
Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due to
reading unknown options from an option file, --no-defaults can be
used to prevent them from being read.
The exception is that the .mylogin.cnf file, if it exists, is read
in all cases. This permits passwords to be specified in a safer way
than on the command line even when --no-defaults is used.
(.mylogin.cnf is created by the mysql_config_editor utility. See
mysql_config_editor(1).)
o --password[=password], -p[password]
The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the
short option form (-p), you cannot have a space between the option
and the password. If you omit the password value following the
--password or -p option on the command line, mysql_upgrade prompts
for one.
Specifying a password on the command line should be considered
insecure. See Section 6.1.2.1, "End-User Guidelines for Password
Security". You can use an option file to avoid giving the password
on the command line.
o --pipe, -W
On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. This option
applies only if the server supports named-pipe connections.
o --plugin-dir=dir_name
The directory in which to look for plugins. Specify this option if
the --default-auth option is used to specify an authentication
plugin but mysql_upgrade does not find it. See Section 6.3.8,
"Pluggable Authentication".
o --port=port_num, -P port_num
The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection.
o --print-defaults
Print the program name and all options that it gets from option
files.
o --protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}
The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is
useful when the other connection parameters normally would cause a
protocol to be used other than the one you want. For details on the
permissible values, see Section 4.2.2, "Connecting to the MySQL
Server".
o --shared-memory-base-name=name
On Windows, the shared-memory name to use, for connections made
using shared memory to a local server. The default value is MYSQL.
The shared-memory name is case sensitive.
The server must be started with the --shared-memory option to
enable shared-memory connections.
o --skip-sys-schema
As of MySQL 5.7.7, mysql_upgrade installs the sys schema if it is
not installed, and upgrades it to the current version otherwise.
The --skip-sys-schema option suppresses this behavior. This option
was added in MySQL 5.7.7.
o --socket=path, -S path
For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on
Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.
o --ssl*
Options that begin with --ssl specify whether to connect to the
server using SSL and indicate where to find SSL keys and
certificates. See Section 6.3.12.4, "SSL Command Options".
o --tmpdir=dir_name, -t dir_name
The path name of the directory to use for creating temporary files.
This option was removed in MySQL 5.7.5 due to a reimplementation
that no longer uses temporary files.
o --upgrade-system-tables, -s
Upgrade only the system tables, do not upgrade data.
o --user=user_name, -u user_name
The MySQL user name to use when connecting to the server. The
default user name is root.
o --verbose
Verbose mode. Print more information about what the program does.
o --version-check, -k
Check the version of the server to which mysql_upgrade is
connecting to verify that it is the same as the version for which
mysql_upgrade was built. If not, mysql_upgrade exits. This option
is enabled by default; to disable the check, use
--skip-version-check. This option was added in MySQL 5.7.2.
o --write-binlog
By default, binary logging by mysql_upgrade is disabled. Invoke the
program with --write-binlog if you want its actions to be written
to the binary log.
Running mysql_upgrade is not recommended with a MySQL Server that
is running with global transaction identifiers enabled (Bug
#13833710). This is because enabling GTIDs means that any updates
which mysql_upgrade might need to perform on system tables using a
nontransactional storage engine such as MyISAM to fail. See
Section 17.1.3.4, "Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs", for
more information.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1997, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights
reserved.
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
SEE ALSO
For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which
may already be installed locally and which is also available online at
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
AUTHOR
Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).
MySQL 5.7 11/28/2015 MYSQL_UPGRADE(1)