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LAMPROP(1) DragonFly General Commands Manual (con) LAMPROP(1)
NAME
lamprop - calculates properties of fiber-reinforced composite laminates.
SYNOPSIS
lamprop [-h | --help] [-l | --latex] [-H | --html] [-e | --eng]
[-m| --mat] [-L| --license] [-v| --version] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents `$Revision: 1.5.0 $' of the lamprop program, a
program to calculate mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-
reinforced composite laminates.
The following options are available:
-h --help
Show this help message and exit.
-l --latex
Output the generated properties as a LaTeX table. It makes use of
the booktabs package. It in meant to be included in a LaTeX
document (using `\input' ), so it is not a self-contained LaTeX
document.
-H --html
Output the generated properties as a HTML table. It is meant to
be inserted into a HTML page so it doesn't contain `<head>' and
`<body>' tags, but both links(1) and firefox(1) will render it
properly without them.
-e --eng
Produce the layers and engineering properties.
-m --mat
Produce the ABD and abd matrices.
-L --license
Print the license and exit.
-v --version
Show program's version number and exit
It reads the composition of the laminates from one or more input files.
The format of these files is documented in lamprop(5).
The program expects properties in metric units as specified in
lamprop(5). In short;
- Young's moduli are given in MPa.
- Coefficients of thermal expansion are given in 1/K.
- Area weights are given in g/m2.
- Densities are given in g/cm3.
It then calculates the following values for all the laminates in the
input files:
thickness Total thickness of the laminate, in mm.
Vf Fiber volume fraction. The fraction of the volume that
the fibers contribute to the laminate. This
calculation assumes that there are no voids in the
laminate.
Wf Fiber weight fraction. The fraction that the fibers
contribute to the total weight of the laminate.
Weight The area weight of the laminate, in g/m2.
Resin consumption The amount of resin embedded in the laminate, in g/m2.
E_x Young's modulus in the x-direction, in MPa.
E_y Young's modulus in the y-direction, in MPa.
G_xy Shear modulus, in MPa.
v_xy and v_yx Poisson constants.
cte_x Coefficient of Thermal Expansion in the x-direction,
in 1/K.
cte_y Coefficient of thermal expansion in the y-direction,
in 1/K.
ABD and abd The stiffness and compliance matrices of the laminate.
The ABD and adb matrices describe the properties of the laminate in
detail. Their format is as follows.
Nx A11 A12 A16 B11 B12 B16 <epsilon>x
Ny A12 A22 A26 B12 B22 B26 <epsilon>y
Nxy = A16 A26 A66 B16 B26 B66 x <epsilon>xy
Mx B11 B12 B16 D11 D12 D16 <kappa>x
My B12 B22 B26 D12 D22 D26 <kappa>y
Mxy B16 B26 B66 D16 D26 D66 <kappa>xy
<epsilon>x a11 a12 a16 b11 b12 b16 Nx
<epsilon>y a12 a22 a26 b12 b22 b26 Ny
<epsilon>xy = a16 a26 a66 b16 b26 b66 x Nxy
<kappa>x b11 b12 b16 d11 d12 d16 Mx
<kappa>y b12 b22 b26 d12 d22 d26 Mky
<kappa>xy b16 b26 b66 d16 d26 d66 Mxy
The units of the parts of the ABD and abd matrix are as follows (where x
is 1, 2 or 6) :
- Axx in N/mm.
- Bxx in N.
- Dxx in Nmm.
- axx in mm/N
- bxx in 1/N
- dxx in 1/Nm
The stress resultants N has units of force per unit of length (N/mm). The
moment resultant has units of torque per unit of length (Nmm/mm = N).
Both <epsilon> and <kappa> are dimensionless.
These values are written to the standard output, in the form specified by
the output options. The default is plain text output.
EXIT STATUS
The lamprop utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
DIAGNOSTICS
Error: cannot read <name>.
The file filename could not be opened for reading. This could be e.g
because the file doesn't exist or if the user doesn't have access
rights to the file.
Error: no laminates found in <name>.
There were no 't:'-lines found in the file.
Error: laminate 'name' on line 'num' already exists. Skipping laminate.
This error occurs when you try to use the same laminate name more
than once within a run.
Error: 'm:'-line after 't:'. Skipping laminate.
After defining a laminate name, you must specify the resin to be
used in this laminate.
Error: Unknown resin '<name>' on line <num>. Skipping laminate.
A resin was used that wasn't previously declared with a 'r:' line.
Maybe the name was misspelled?
Error: Unknown fiber '<name>' on line <num>. Skipping line.
A fiber was used that wasn't previously declared with a 'f:' line.
Maybe the name was misspelled?
COMPATIBILITY
This version of the lamprop program requires the Python interpreter
(version 2.7) and the Numerical Python (numpy) extension (tested with
version 1.6 and later).
SEE ALSO
lamprop(5), python(1), latex(1)
M. W. Hyer, Stress Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials,
McGraw-Hill, Boston, USA, 1997.
Stephen W. Tsai, Theory of composites design, Think Composites, Dayton,
USA, 1992.
A.T. Nettles, Basic Mechanics of Laminated Plates, NASA, USA, 1994.
J.R. Vinson and R.L. Sierakowski, The Behavior of Structures Composed of
Composite Materials, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, 1987.
L.J. Hart-Smith, The ten-percent rule for preliminary sizing of fibrous
composite structures, Weight Engineering, 52, 29-45, 1992.
The booktabs package,
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/booktabs/.
Python Programming Language - Official Website, http://www.python.org/.
Numerical Python, http://numpy.scipy.org/.
HISTORY
This program was written to automate the calculations necessary to obtain
the properties of a fiber reinforced laminate based on the properties of
the fibers and the matrix used. While these calculations are well
documented in the literature (see the references above), they are quite
cumbersome to do by hand.
The original version of this program was written in C, since implementing
it in a spreadsheet proved cumbersome, inflexible and even produced
incorrect results. The C version ran up to 1.3.x.
As an exercise in learning the language, the author ported the program to
the Python programming language. This proved to be a much cleaner, more
maintainable and shorter implementation.
Additionally, the generally hard to obtain transverse fiber properties
were replaced with properties derived from the matrix. git(1) revision
control system.
AUTHOR
This manual and the lamprop software were written by Roland Smith
<rsmith@xs4all.nl>.
The latest version of this program is available at:
http://rsmith.home.xs4all.nl/software/
BUGS
Some of the calculations depend on the perpendicular modulus of the
fibers. This property is hard to find in product literature for
anisotropic fibers like carbon and aramid. In lamprop(5) some values that
the author has gathered are reproduced.
LICENSE
To the extent possible under law, Roland Smith has waived all copyright
and related or neighboring rights to this manual. This work is published
from the Netherlands. See
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
The lamprop program itself is released under the two-clause BSD license
given below;
Copyright (C) 2011,2012 R.F. Smith <rsmith@xs4all.nl>. All rights
reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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