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JOE(1)                 DragonFly General Commands Manual                JOE(1)

Name
       joe - Joe's Own Editor

Syntax
       joe [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...

       jstar [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...

       jmacs [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...

       rjoe [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...

       jpico [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...

       jupp [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...

Description
       JOE is a powerful ASCII-text screen editor.  It has a "mode-less" user
       interface which is similar to many user-friendly PC editors.  Users of
       Micro-Pro's WordStar or Borland's "Turbo" languages will feel at home.
       JOE is a full featured UNIX screen-editor though, and has many features
       for editing programs and text.

       JOE also emulates several other editors.  JSTAR is a close imitation of
       WordStar with many "JOE" extensions.  JPICO is a close imitation of the
       Pine mailing system's PICO editor, but with many extensions and
       improvements.  JMACS is a GNU-EMACS imitation.  RJOE is a restricted
       version of JOE, which allows you to edit only the files specified on
       the command line.

       Although JOE is actually six different editors, it still requires only
       one executable, but one with six different names.  The name of the
       editor with an "rc" appended gives the name of JOE's initialization
       file, which determines the personality of the editor.

       JUPP is free software; you can distribute it and/or modify it under the
       terms of the GNU General Public License, Version 1, as published by the
       Free Software Foundation.  I have no plans for turning JOE into a
       commercial or share-ware product.  See the source code for exact
       authorship and licencing information.  JOE is available over the
       Internet from http://joe-editor.sf.net/.  JUPP is available at
       http://mirbsd.de/jupp.

Usage
       To start the editor, type joe followed by zero or more names of files
       you want to edit.  Each file name may be preceded by a local option
       setting (see the local options table which follows).  Other global
       options, which apply to the editor as a whole, may also be placed on
       the command line (see the global options table which follows).  If you
       are editing a new file, you can either give the name of the new file
       when you invoke the editor, or in the editor when you save the new
       file.  A modified syntax for file names is provided to allow you to
       edit program output, standard input/output, or sections of files or
       devices.  See the section Filenames below for details.

       Once you are in the editor, you can type in text and use special
       control-character sequences to perform other editing tasks.  To find
       out what the control-character sequences are, read the rest of this man
       page or type ^K H for help in the editor.

       Now for some obscure computer-lore:

       The ^ means that you hold down the Control key while pressing the
       following key (the same way the Shift key works for uppercase letters).
       A number of control-key sequences are duplicated on other keys, so that
       you don't need to press the control key: ESC will work in place of ^[,
       Del will work in place of ^?, Backspace will work in place of ^H, Tab
       will work in place of ^I, Return or Enter will work in place of ^M and
       Linefeed will work in place of ^J.  Some keyboards may give you trouble
       with some control keys.  ^_, ^^ and ^@ can usually be entered without
       pressing shift (I.E., try ^-, ^6 and ^2).  Other keyboards may reassign
       these to other keys.  Try: ^., ^, and ^/.  ^SPACE can usually be used
       in place of ^@.  ^\ and ^] are interpreted by many communication
       programs, including telnet and kermit.  Usually you just hit the key
       twice to get it to pass through the communication program.

       Once you have typed ^K H, the first help window appears at the top of
       the screen.  You can continue to enter and edit text while the help
       window is on.  To page through other topics, hit ^[, and ^[. (that is,
       ESC , and ESC .).  Use ^K H to dismiss the help window.

       You can customize the keyboard layout, the help screens and a number of
       behavior defaults by copying JOE's initialization file (usually
       ${prefix}/etc/joerc) to .joerc in your home directory and then by
       modifying it.  See the section joerc below.

       To have JOE used as your default editor for e-mail and News, you need
       to set the EDITOR and VISUAL environment variables in your shell
       initialization file (.cshrc or .profile) to refer to JOE (joe usually
       resides as ${exec_prefix}/bin/joe).

       There are a number of other obscure invocation parameters which may
       have to be set, particularly if your terminal screen is not updating as
       you think it should.  See the section Environment variables below.

Command Line Options
       The following global options may be specified on the command line:

       -asis  Characters with codes above 127 will be sent to the terminal as-
              is, instead of as inverse of the corresponding character below
              128.  If this does not work, check your terminal server.

       -backpath path
              If this option is given, backup files will be stored in the
              specified directory instead of in each file's original
              directory.

       -baud nnn
              Set the baud rate for the purposes of terminal screen
              optimization.  Joe inserts delays for baud rates below 19200,
              which bypasses tty buffering so that typeahead will interrupt
              the screen output.  Scrolling commands will not be used for
              38400 baud.  This is useful for X-terms and other console ttys
              which really aren't going over a serial line.

       -beep  Joe will beep on command errors and when the cursor goes past
              extremes.

       -columns nnn
              Sets the number of screen columns.

       -csmode
              Continued search mode: a search immediately following a search
              will repeat the previous search instead of prompting for new
              string.  This is useful for the the ^[S and ^[R commands and for
              when joe is trying to be emacs.

       -dopadding
              Joe usually assumes that there is some kind of flow control
              between it and the tty.  If there isn't, this option will make
              joe output extra ^@s to the tty as specified by the termcap
              entry.  The extra ^@s allow the terminal to catch up after long
              terminal commands.

       -exask This option makes ^KX verify the file name that it's about to
              write.

       -force This option makes sure that the last line of the file has a
              line-feed which it's saved.

       -help  The editor will start with the help screen on if this option is
              given.

       -keepup
              Normally the column number and control-key prefix fields of the
              status lines are on a one second delay to reduce CPU
              consumption, but with this option they are updated after each
              key-stroke.

       -lightoff
              The block highlighting will go away after any block command if
              this option is given.

       -lines nnn
              Sets the number of screen lines.

       -marking
              Text between ^KB and the cursor is highlighted (use with
              -lightoff and a modified joerc file to have drop-anchor style
              block selection).

       -mid   If this option is set and the cursor moves off the window, the
              window will be scrolled so that the cursor is in the center.
              This option is forced on slow terminals which don't have
              scrolling commands.

       -nobackups
              This option prevents backup files.

       -nonotice
              This option prevent the copyright notice from being displayed
              when the editor starts.

       -nosta This option eliminates the top-most status line.  It's nice for
              when you only want to see your text on the screen or if you're
              using a vt52.

       -noxon Attempt to turn off ^S/^Q processing.  This is useful for when
              joe is trying to be WordStar or EMACS.

       -orphan
              When this option is active, extra files on the command line will
              be placed in orphaned buffers instead of in extra windows.  This
              is useful for when joe is trying to be emacs.

       -pg nnn
              This specifies the number of lines to keep after PgUp/PgDn
              (^U/^V).  If -1 is given, half the window is kept.

       -skiptop nnn
              Don't use the top nnn lines of the screen.  Useful for when joe
              is used as a BBS editor.

       Each of these options may be specified in the joerc file as well.  In
       addition, the NOXON, BAUD, LINES, COLUMNS and DOPADDING options may be
       specified with environment variables.

       The JOETERM environment variable may be set to override the regular
       TERM environment variable for specifying your terminal type.

       The following options may be specified before each filename on the
       command line:

       +nnn   The cursor starts on the specified line.

       -crlf  Joe uses CR-LF as the end of line sequence instead of just LF.
              This is for editing MS-DOS or VMS files.

       -hex   Sets the buffer to hex edit mode.

       -wordwrap
              Joe wraps the previous word when you type past the right margin.

       -autoindent
              When you hit Return on an indented line, the indentation is
              duplicated onto the new line.

       -overwrite
              Typing overwrites existing characters instead of inserting
              before them.

       -lmargin nnn
              Sets the left margin.

       -rmargin nnn
              Sets the right margin.

       -tab nnn
              Sets the tab width.

       -indentc nnn
              Sets the indentation character for ^K, and ^K. (32 for SPACE, 9
              for TAB).

       -istep nnn
              Sets the indentation step for ^K, and ^K..

       -linums
              Line numbers are displayed before each line.

       -rdonly
              The file is read only.

       -keymap name
              Use an alternate section of the joerc file for the key sequence
              bindings.  For example, joe, jstar, rjoe and jupp support
              -keymap cua to make ^Z, ^X, ^C and ^V do the same thing as in
              contemporary GUI editors.

       These options can also be specified in the joerc file.  They can be set
       depending on the file-name extension.  Programs (.c, .h or .p
       extension) usually have autoindent enabled.  Wordwrap is enabled on
       other files, but rc files have it disabled.

Editing Tasks
   Basic Editing
       When you type characters into the editor, they are normally inserted
       into the file being edited (or appended to the file if the cursor is at
       the end of the file).  This is the normal operating mode of the editor.
       If you want to replace some existing text, you have to delete the old
       text before or after you type in the replacement text.  The Backspace
       key can be used for deleting text: move the cursor to right after the
       text you want to delete and hit Backspace a number of times.

       Hit the Enter or Return key to insert a line-break.  For example, if
       the cursor was in the middle of a line and you hit Return, the line
       would be split into two lines with the cursor appearing at the
       beginning of the second line.  Hit Backspace at the beginning of a line
       to eliminate a line-break.

       Use the arrow keys to move around the file.  If your keyboard doesn't
       have arrow keys (or if they don't work for some reason), use ^F to move
       forwards (right), ^B to move backwards (left), ^P to move to the
       previous line (up), and ^N to move to the next line (down).  The right
       and left arrow keys simply move forwards or backwards one character at
       a time through the text: if you're at the beginning of a line and you
       press left-arrow, you will end up at the end of the previous line.  The
       up and down arrow keys move forwards and backwards by enough characters
       so that the cursor appears in the same column that it was in on the
       original line.

       If you want to indent the text you enter, you can use the TAB key.
       This inserts a special control character which makes the characters
       which follow it begin at the next TAB STOP.  TAB STOPS normally occur
       every 8 columns, but this can be changed with the ^T D command.  PASCAL
       and C programmers often set TAB STOPS on every 4 columns.

       If for some reason your terminal screen gets messed up (for example, if
       you receive a mail notice from biff), you can have the editor refresh
       the screen by hitting ^R.

       There are many other keys for deleting text and moving around the file.
       For example, hit ^D to delete the character the cursor is on instead of
       deleting backwards like Backspace.  ^D will also delete a line-break if
       the cursor is at the end of a line.  Type ^Y to delete the entire line
       the cursor is on or ^J to delete just from the cursor to the end of the
       line.

       Hit ^A to move the cursor to the beginning of the line it's on.  Hit ^E
       to move the cursor to the end of the line.  Hit ^U or ^V for scrolling
       the cursor up or down 1/2 a screen's worth.  "Scrolling" means that the
       text on the screen moves, but the cursor stays at the same place
       relative to the screen.  Hit ^K U or ^K V to move the cursor to the
       beginning or the end of the file.  Look at the help screens in the
       editor to find even more delete and movement commands.

       If you make a mistake, you can hit ^_ to "undo" it.  On most keyboards
       you hit just ^- to get ^_, but on some you might have to hold both the
       Shift and Control keys down at the same time to get it.  If you "undo"
       too much, you can "redo" the changes back into existence by hitting ^^
       (type this with just ^6 on most keyboards).

       If you were editing in one place within the file, and you then
       temporarily had to look or edit some other place within the file, you
       can get back to the original place by hitting ^K -.  This command
       actually returns you to the last place you made a change in the file.
       You can step through a history of places with ^K - and ^K =, in the
       same way you can step through the history of changes with the "undo"
       and "redo" commands.

       When you are done editing the file, hit ^K X to exit the editor.  You
       will be prompted for a file name if you hadn't already named the file
       you were editing.

       When you edit a file, you actually edit only a copy of the file.  So if
       you decide that you don't want the changes you made to a file during a
       particular edit session, you can hit ^C to exit the editor without
       saving them.

       If you edit a file and save the changes, a "backup" copy of that file
       is created in the current directory, with a ~ appended to the name,
       which contains the original version of the file.

   Word wrap and formatting
       If you type past the right edge of the screen in a C language or PASCAL
       file, the screen will scroll to the right to follow the cursor.  If you
       type past the right edge of the screen in a normal file (one whose name
       doesn't end in .c, .h or .p), JOE will automatically wrap the last word
       onto the next line so that you don't have to hit Return.  This is
       called word-wrap mode.  Word-wrap can be turned on or off with the ^T W
       command.  JOE's initialization file is usually set up so that this mode
       is automatically turned on for all non-program files.  See the section
       below on the joerc file to change this and other defaults.

       Aside for Word-wrap mode, JOE does not automatically keep paragraphs
       formatted like some word-processors.  Instead, if you need a paragraph
       to be reformatted, hit ^K J.  This command "fills in" the paragraph
       that the cursor is in, fitting as many words in a line as is possible.
       A paragraph, in this case, is a block of text separated above and below
       by a blank line.

       The margins which JOE uses for paragraph formatting and word-wrap can
       be set with the ^T L and ^T R commands.  If the left margin is set to a
       value other than 1, then when you start typing at the beginning of a
       line, the cursor will immediately jump to the left margin.

       If you want to center a line within the margins, use the ^K A command.

   Over-type mode
       Sometimes it's tiresome to have to delete old text before or after you
       insert new text.  This happens, for example, when you are changing a
       table and you want to maintain the column position of the right side of
       the table.  When this occurs, you can put the editor in over-type mode
       with ^T T.  When the editor is in this mode, the characters you type in
       replace existing characters, in the way an idealized typewriter would.
       Also, Backspace simply moves left instead of deleting the character to
       the left, when it's not at the end or beginning of a line.  Over-type
       mode is not the natural way of dealing with text electronically, so you
       should go back to insert-mode as soon as possible by typing ^T T again.

       If you need to insert while you're in over-type mode, hit ^@.  This
       inserts a single SPACE into the text.

   Control and Meta characters
       Each character is represented by a number.  For example, the number for
       'A' is 65 and the number for '1' is 49.  All of the characters which
       you normally see have numbers in the range of 32 - 126 (this particular
       arbitrary assignment between characters and numbers is called the ASCII
       character set).  The numbers outside of this range, from 0 to 255,
       aren't usually displayed, but sometimes have other special meanings.
       The number 10, for example, is used for the line-breaks.  You can enter
       these special, non-displayed control characters by first hitting ` and
       then hitting a character in the range @ A B C ... X Y Z [ ^ ] \ _ to
       get the number 0 - 31, and ? to get 127.  For example, if you hit ` J,
       you'll insert a line-break character, or if you hit ` I, you'll insert
       a TAB character (which does the same thing the TAB key does).  A useful
       control character to enter is 12 (` L), which causes most printers to
       advance to the top of the page.  You'll notice that JOE displays this
       character as an underlined L.  You can enter the characters above 127,
       the meta characters, by first hitting ^\.  This adds 128 to the next
       (possibly control) character entered.  JOE displays characters above
       128 in inverse-video.  Some foreign languages, which have more letters
       than English, use the meta characters for the rest of their alphabet.
       You have to put the editor in ASIS mode (described later) to have these
       passed untranslated to the terminal.

   Prompts
       If you hit TAB at any file name prompt, joe will attempt to complete
       the name you entered as much as possible.  If it couldn't complete the
       entire name, because there are more than one possible completions, joe
       beeps.  If you hit TAB again, joe list the completions.  You can use
       the arrow keys to move around this directory menu and press RETURN or
       SPACE to select an item.  If you press the first letter of one of the
       directory entries, it will be selected, or if more than one entry has
       the same first letter, the cursor will jump between those entries.  If
       you select a subdirectory or .., the directory name is appended to the
       prompt and the new directory is loaded into the menu.  You can hit
       Backspace to go back to the previous directory.

       Most prompts record a history of the responses you give them.  You can
       hit up and down arrow to step through these histories.

       Prompts are actually single line windows with no status line, so you
       can use any editing command that you normally use on text within the
       prompts.  The prompt history is actually just other lines of the same
       "prompt file".  Thus you can can search backwards though the prompt
       history with the normal ^K F command if you want.

       Since prompts are windows, you can also switch out of them with ^K P
       and ^K N.

   Where am I?
       Hit ^K SPACE to have JOE report the line number, column number, and
       byte number on the last line of the screen.  The number associated with
       the character the cursor is on (its ASCII code) is also shown.  You can
       have the line number and/or column number always displayed on the
       status line by setting placing the appropriate escape sequences in the
       status line setup strings.  Edit the joerc file for details.

   File operations
       You can hit ^K D to save the current file (possibly under a different
       name from what the file was called originally).  After the file is
       saved, you can hit ^K E to edit a different file.

       If you want to save only a selected section of the file, see the
       section on Blocks below.

       If you want to include another file in the file you're editing, use ^K
       R to insert it.

   Temporarily suspending the editor
       If you need to temporarily stop the editor and go back to the shell,
       hit ^K Z.  You might want to do this to stop whatever you're editing
       and answer an e-mail message or read this man page, for example.  You
       have to type fg or exit (you'll be told which when you hit ^K Z) to
       return to the editor.

   Searching for text
       Hit ^K F to have the editor search forwards or backwards for a text
       fragment (string) for you.  You will be prompted for the text to search
       for.  After you hit Return, you are prompted to enter options.  You can
       just hit Return again to have the editor immediately search forwards
       for the text, or you can enter one or more of these options:

       b      Search backwards instead of forwards.

       i      Treat uppercase and lower case letters as the same when
              searching.  Normally uppercase and lowercase letters are
              considered to be different.

       nnn    (where nnn is a number) If you enter a number, JOE searches for
              the Nth occurrence of the text.  This is useful for going to
              specific places in files structured in some regular manner.

       r      Replace text.  If you enter the r option, then you will be
              further prompted for replacement text.  Each time the editor
              finds the search text, you will be prompted as to whether you
              want to replace the found search text with the replacement text.
              You hit: y to replace the text and then find the next
              occurrence, n to not replace this text, but to then find the
              next occurrence, l to replace the text and then stop searching,
              r to replace all of the remaining occurrences of the search text
              in the remainder of the file without asking for confirmation
              (subject to the nnn option above), or ^C to stop searching and
              replacing.

       You can hit ^L to repeat the previous search.

   Regular Expressions
       A number of special character sequences may be entered as search text:

       \*     This finds zero or more characters.  For example, if you give
              A\*B as the search text, JOE will try to find an A followed by
              any number of characters and then a B.

       \?     This finds exactly one character.  For example, if you give A\?B
              as the search text, JOE will find AXB, but not AB or AXXB.

       \^ \$  These match the beginning and end of a line.  For example, if
              you give \^test\$, then JOE with find test on a line by itself.

       \< \>  These match the beginning and end of a word.  For example, if
              you give \<\*is\*\>, then joe will find whole words which have
              the sub-string is within them.

       \[...] This matches any single character which appears within the
              brackets.  For example, if \[Tt]his is entered as the search
              string, then JOE finds both This and this.  Ranges of characters
              can be entered within the brackets.  For example, \[A-Z] finds
              any uppercase letter.  If the first character given in the
              brackets is ^, then JOE tries to find any character not given in
              the the brackets.

       \c     This works like \*, but matches a balanced C-language
              expression.  For example, if you search for malloc(\c), then JOE
              will find all function calls to malloc, even if there was a )
              within the parenthesis.

       \+     This finds zero or more of the character which immediately
              follows the \+.  For example, if you give \[ ]\+\[ ], where the
              characters within the brackets are both SPACE and TAB, then JOE
              will find whitespace.

       \\     Matches a single \.

       \n     This finds the special end-of-line or line-break character.

       A number of special character sequences may also be given in the
       replacement string:

       \&     This gets replaced by the text which matched the search string.
              For example, if the search string was \<\*\>, which matches
              words, and you give "\&", then joe will put quote marks around
              words.

       \0 - \9
              These get replaced with the text which matched the Nth \*, \?,
              \+, \c, \+, or \[...] in the search string.

       \\     Use this if you need to put a \ in the replacement string.

       \n     Use this if you need to put a line-break in the replacement
              string.

       Some examples:

       Suppose you have a list of addresses, each on a separate line, which
       starts with "Address:" and has each element separated by commas.  Like
       so:

       Address: S. Holmes, 221b Baker St., London, England

       If you wanted to rearrange the list, to get the country first, then the
       city, then the person's name, and then the address, you could do this:

       Type ^K F to start the search, and type:

       Address:\*,\*,\*,\*\$

       to match "Address:", the four comma-separated elements, and then the
       end of the line.  When asked for options, you would type r to replace
       the string, and then type:

       Address:\3,\2,\0,\1

       To shuffle the information the way you want it. After hitting return,
       the search would begin, and the sample line would be changed to:

       Address: England, London, S. Holmes, 221b Baker St.

   Blocks
       If you want to move, copy, save or delete a specific section of text,
       you can do it with highlighted blocks.  First, move the cursor to the
       start of the section of text you want to work on, and press ^K B.  Then
       move the cursor to the character just after the end of the text you
       want to affect and press ^K K.  The text between the ^K B and ^K K
       should become highlighted.  Now you can move your cursor to someplace
       else in your document and press ^K M to move the highlighted text
       there.  You can press ^K C to make a copy of the highlighted text and
       insert it to where the cursor is positioned.  ^K Y to deletes the
       highlighted text.  ^K W, writes the highlighted text to a file.

       A very useful command is ^K /, which filters a block of text through a
       unix command.  For example, if you select a list of words with ^K B and
       ^K K, and then type ^K / sort, the list of words will be sorted.
       Another useful unix command for ^K /, is tr.  If you type ^K / tr a-z
       A-Z, then all of the letters in the highlighted block will be converted
       to uppercase.

       After you are finished with some block operations, you can just leave
       the highlighting on if you don't mind it (of course, if you accidently
       hit ^K Y without noticing...).  If it really bothers you, however, just
       hit ^K B ^K K, to turn the highlighting off.

   Indenting program blocks
       Auto-indent mode toggled with the ^T I command.  The joerc is normally
       set up so that files with names ending with .p, .c or .h have auto-
       indent mode enabled.  When auto-indent mode is enabled and you hit
       Return, the cursor will be placed in the same column that the first
       non-SPACE/TAB character was in on the original line.

       You can use the ^K , and ^K . commands to shift a block of text to the
       left or right.  If no highlighting is set when you give these commands,
       the program block the cursor is located in will be selected, and will
       be moved by subsequent ^K , and ^K . commands.  The number of columns
       these commands shift by can be set through a ^T option.

   Windows
       You can edit more than one file at the same time or edit two or more
       different places of the same file.  To do this, hit ^K O, to split the
       screen into two windows.  Use ^K P or ^K N to move the cursor into the
       top window or the lower window.  Use ^K E to edit a new file in one of
       the windows.  A window will go away when you save the file with ^K X or
       abort the file with ^C.  If you abort a file which exists in two
       windows, one of the window goes away, not the file.

       You can hit ^K O within a window to create even more windows.  If you
       have too many windows on the screen, but you don't want to eliminate
       them, you can hit ^K I.  This will show only the window the cursor is
       in, or if there was only one window on the screen to begin with, try to
       fit all hidden windows on the screen.  If there are more windows than
       can fit on the screen, you can hit ^K N on the bottom-most window or ^K
       P on the top-most window to get to them.

       If you gave more than one file name to JOE on the command line, each
       file will be placed in a different window.

       You can change the height of the windows with the ^K G and ^K T
       commands.

   Keyboard macros
       Macros allow you to record a series of keystrokes and replay them with
       the press of two keys.  This is useful to automate repetitive tasks.
       To start a macro recording, hit ^K [ followed by a number from 0 to 9.
       The status line will display (Macro n recording...).  Now, type in the
       series of keystrokes that you want to be able to repeat.  The commands
       you type will have their usual effect. Hit ^K ] to stop recording the
       macro.  Hit ^K followed by the number you recorded the macro in to
       execute one iteration of the key-strokes.

       For example, if you want to put "**" in front of a number of lines, you
       can type:

       ^K [ ^A ** <down arrow> ^K ]

       Which starts the macro recording, moves the cursor to the beginning of
       the line, inserts "**", moves the cursor down one line, and then ends
       the recording. Since we included the key-strokes needed to position the
       cursor on the next line, we can repeatedly use this macro without
       having to move the cursor ourselves, something you should always keep
       in mind when recording a macro.

       If you find that the macro you are recording itself has a repeated set
       of key-strokes in it, you can record a macro within the macro, as long
       as you use a different macro number.  Also you can execute previously
       recorded macros from within new macros.

   Repeat
       You can use the repeat command, ^K \, to repeat a macro, or any other
       edit command or even a normal character, a specified number of times.
       Hit ^K \, type in the number of times you want the command repeated and
       press Return.  The next edit command you now give will be repeated that
       many times.

       For example, to delete the next 20 lines of text, type:

       ^K  20<return>^Y

   Rectangle mode
       Type ^T X to have ^K B and ^K K select rectangular blocks instead of
       stream-of-text blocks.  This mode is useful for moving, copying,
       deleting or saving columns of text.  You can also filter columns of
       text with the ^K / command- if you want to sort a column, for example.
       The insert file command, ^K R is also effected.

       When rectangle mode is selected, over-type mode is also useful (^T T).
       When over-type mode is selected, rectangles will replace existing text
       instead of getting inserted before it.  Also the delete block command
       (^K Y) will clear the selected rectangle with SPACEs and TABs instead
       of deleting it.  Over-type mode is especially useful for the filter
       block command (^K /), since it will maintain the original width of the
       selected column.

   Tag search
       If you are editing a large C program with many source files, you can
       use the ctags program to generate a tags file.  This file contains a
       list of program symbols and the files and positions where the symbols
       are defined.  The ^K ; command can be used to lookup a symbol
       (functions, defined constants, etc.), load the file where the symbol is
       defined into the current window and position the cursor to where the
       symbol is defined.  ^K ; prompts you for the symbol you want, but uses
       the symbol the cursor was on as a default.  Since ^K ; loads the
       definition file into the current window, you probably want to split the
       window first with ^K O, to have both the original file and the
       definition file loaded.

   Shell windows
       Hit ^K ' to run a command shell in one of JOE's windows.  When the
       cursor is at the end of a shell window (use ^K V if it's not), whatever
       you type is passed to the shell instead of the window.  Any output from
       the shell or from commands executed in the shell is appended to the
       shell window (the cursor will follow this output if it's at the end of
       the shell window).  This command is useful for recording the results of
       shell commands- for example the output of make, the result of grepping
       a set of files for a string, or directory listings from FTP sessions.
       Besides typeable characters, the keys ^C, Backspace, DEL, Return and ^D
       are passed to the shell.  Type the shell exit command to stop recording
       shell output.  If you press ^C in a shell window, when the cursor is
       not at the end of the window, the shell is killed.

Environment variables
       For JOE to operate correctly, a number of other environment settings
       must be correct.  The throughput (baud rate) of the connection between
       the computer and your terminal must be set correctly for JOE to update
       the screen smoothly and allow typeahead to defer the screen update.
       Use the stty nnn command to set this.  You want to set it as close as
       possible to actual throughput of the connection.  For example, if you
       are connected via a 1200 baud modem, you want to use this value for
       stty.  If you are connected via 14.4k modem, but the terminal server
       you are connected to connects to the computer a 9600 baud, you want to
       set your speed as 9600 baud.  The special baud rate of 38400 or extb is
       used to indicate that you have a very-high speed connection, such as a
       memory mapped console or an X-window terminal emulator.  If you can't
       use stty to set the actual throughput (perhaps because of a modem
       communicating with the computer at a different rate than it's
       communicating over the phone line), you can put a numeric value in the
       BAUD environment variable instead (use setenv BAUD 9600 for csh or
       BAUD=9600; export BAUD for sh).

       The SHELL or EXECSHELL environment variable must be set to the full
       pathname of a shell executable that accepts the -i (interactive) and -c
       (run a command) arguments of the Korn Shell; otherwise, /bin/sh is
       used.

       The TERM environment variable must be set to the type of terminal
       you're using.  If the size (number of lines/columns) of your terminal
       is different from what is reported in the TERMCAP or TERMINFO entry,
       you can set this with the stty rows nn cols nn command, or by setting
       the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.

       The xterm-xfree86 terminal allows automatic entering and leaving of the
       bracketed paste mode.

       JOE normally expects that flow control between the computer and your
       terminal to use ^S/^Q handshaking (I.E., if the computer is sending
       characters too fast for your terminal, your terminal sends ^S to stop
       the output and ^Q to restart it).  If the flow control uses out-of-band
       or hardware handshaking or if your terminal is fast enough to always
       keep up with the computer output and you wish to map ^S/^Q to edit
       commands, you can set the environment variable NOXON to have JOE
       attempt to turn off ^S/^Q handshaking.  If the connection between the
       computer and your terminal uses no handshaking and your terminal is not
       fast enough to keep up with the output of the computer, you can set the
       environment variable DOPADDING to have JOE slow down the output by
       interspersing PAD characters between the terminal screen update
       sequences.

Filenames
       Wherever JOE expects you to enter a file name, whether on the command
       line or in prompts within the editor, you may also type:

       !command
              Read or write data to or from a shell command.  For example, use
              joe '!ls' to get a copy of your directory listing to edit or
              from within the editor use ^K D !mail jhallen@world.std.com to
              send the file being edited to me.

       >>filename
              Use this to have JOE append the edited text to the end of the
              file "filename."

       filename,START,SIZE
              Use this to access a fixed section of a file or device.  START
              and SIZE may be entered in decimal (ex.: 123) octal (ex.: 0777)
              or hexadecimal (ex.: 0xFF).  For example, use joe /dev/fd0,508,2
              to edit bytes 508 and 509 of the first floppy drive in Linux.

       -      Use this to get input from the standard input or to write output
              to the standard output.  For example, you can put joe in a pipe
              of commands: quota -v | joe - | mail root, if you want to
              complain about your low quota.

The joerc file
       ^T options, the help screens and the key-sequence to editor command
       bindings are all defined in JOE's initialization file.  If you make a
       copy of this file (which normally resides in ${prefix}/etc/joerc) to
       $HOME/.joerc, you can customize these setting to your liking.  The
       syntax of the initialization file should be fairly obvious and there
       are further instruction in it.

Acknowledgments
       JOE was written by Joseph H. Allen.  If you have bug reports or
       questions, e-mail them to jhallen@world.std.com.  Larry Foard
       (entropy@world.std.com) and Gary Gray (ggray@world.std.com) also helped
       with the creation of JOE.  Thorsten Glaser (tg@mirbsd.org) created
       JUPP, and the 16-bit MS-DOS version of JUPP 2.8 was compiled by Andreas
       Totlis (atotlis@t-online.de).

                                                                        JOE(1)

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