DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages

Search: Section:  


ADD(1)                 DragonFly General Commands Manual                ADD(1)

NAME

add - full-screen editing calculator

USAGE

add [options] [file-specifications]

SYNOPSIS

Add is a fixed-point calculator that operates as a full-screen editor.

DESCRIPTION

Add performs fixed-point computation. It is designed for use as a checkbook or expense-account balancing tool. Add maintains a running result for each operation. You may scroll to any position in the expression list and modify the list. Enter data by typing numbers (with optional decimal point), separated by operators. An output transcript may be saved and reloaded for further editing. Scripts are loaded from left to right (with the "output" processed first).

OPTIONS

Command line options of add are: -h Prints the list of options. -i interval Sets compounding interval for interest computation. -o script Specify file in which to save output transcript. -p num Sets precision (number of digits after the decimal place).

OPERATIONS

Computations: The operators are all single-character: * begins an addition - begins a subtraction ~ negates the result * begins a multiplication / begins a division % begins an interest computation (uses interval): rate=number. $ begins a sales-tax computation: rate=number. ( opening parenthesis. This may enclose a unary '-', more parentheses, or data (implicit unary '+'). ) closing parenthesis, expects another operator, not data. = flushes out the current number, forces re-computation of the running result. w increases the width used for numbers by one column up to a platform-specific value. W decreases the width used for numbers by one column, down to a minimum of 6. A space flushes out the current number-input, and (by default) sets the next operator to be the same as the current one. You may repeat the last arithmetic operation of any type: a repeats the last '+' (default 0). s repeats the last '-' (default 0). n repeats the last '~'. m repeats the last '*' (default 1). d repeats the last '/' (default 1). i repeats the last '%' (default 4). t repeats the last '$' (default 4). You may toggle the prefix operator of any number by typing a single character: A toggles the operator to '+'. S toggles the operator to '-'. N toggles the operator to '~'. M toggles the operator to '*'. D toggles the operator to '/'. I toggles the operator to '%'. T toggles the operator to '$'. Editing: As you enter data, you may edit it. A backspace deletes the last digit of the current number (if it is visible). Use the arrow keys or vi- style 'h' and 'l' to move left and right within the line. Other editing commands include u undoes the last x/X command (restricted to restoring the current data only). x deletes the current data. If the data is null, deletes the following line. X deletes the current data. If the data is null, deletes the preceding line and moves up. o opens a new line after the current line. O opens a new line before the current line. # edit the associated comment. An "open" permits you to insert a new operator and data into the expression list. You may type an operator character (e.g., '+'), and continue with the new data, or an operator-repeat (e.g., 'A'). In either case, you may edit the new data, just as you would the old data. A 'u' (or other toggle, such as 'o', 'O', or 'q') typed after an open will undo the open (and close it). Scrolling/cursor movement: H move to the top line on the screen. M move to the middle line on the screen. L move to the last line on the screen CTL/F scroll forward one screen. CTL/B scroll backward one screen. j move forward one line. k move backward one line. z<CR> move the current line to the top of the screen. z. move the current line to the middle of the screen. z- move the current line to the bottom of the screen. Like vi, add allows you to jump to a particular line with a ":" command :$ jumps to the last entry :1 jumps to the first entry. Scripts: Transcript files are formatted to permit line-oriented entries: <operator><value><blank><ignored><blank># comment The transcripts saved by add contain the running result in the "ignored" part. To exit without saving a transcript, type 'Q'. A normal exit, by typing 'q', saves the list of operators, data (and running result) in the specified file. You can read and write scripts without leaving add. :e file clears the current script and reads a script from the file. :f shows the current script name. :r file reads a script at the current entry :w file writes a script to the specified file.

ENVIRONMENT

Add runs in a portable UNIX(R) environment.

FILES

Add is a single binary module, with a help file add.hlp installed in the same directory.

FUTURE WORK

It would be nice to be able to change the precision within the program. In particular, the interest and sales tax computations would be more useful if their precision was independent of the running total.

AUTHOR

Thomas E. Dickey

SEE ALSO

wc (1), vi (1) ADD(1) curs_add_wch(3X) curs_add_wch(3X)

NAME

add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, echo_wchar, wecho_wchar - add a complex character and rendition to a curses window, then advance the cursor

SYNOPSIS

#include <ncurses/curses.h> int add_wch( const cchar_t *wch ); int wadd_wch( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch ); int mvadd_wch( int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch ); int mvwadd_wch( WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch ); int echo_wchar( const cchar_t *wch ); int wecho_wchar( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch );

DESCRIPTION

add_wch The add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, and mvwadd_wch functions put the complex character wch into the given window at its current position, which is then advanced. These functions perform wrapping and special- character processing as follows: o If wch refers to a spacing character, then any previous character at that location is removed. A new character specified by wch is placed at that location with rendition specified by wch. The cursor then advances to the next spacing character on the screen. o If wch refers to a non-spacing character, all previous characters at that location are preserved. The non-spacing characters of wch are added to the spacing complex character, and the rendition specified by wch is ignored. o If the character part of wch is a tab, newline, backspace or other control character, the window is updated and the cursor moves as if addch were called. echo_wchar The echo_wchar function is functionally equivalent to a call to add_wch followed by a call to refresh(3X). Similarly, the wecho_wchar is functionally equivalent to a call to wadd_wch followed by a call to wrefresh. The knowledge that only a single character is being output is taken into consideration and, for non-control characters, a considerable performance gain might be seen by using the *echo* functions instead of their equivalents. Line Graphics Like addch(3X), addch_wch accepts symbols which make it simple to draw lines and other frequently used special characters. These symbols correspond to the same VT100 line-drawing set as addch(3X). ACS Unicode ASCII acsc Glyph Name Default Default char Name ------------------------------------------------------------------------ WACS_BLOCK 0x25ae # 0 solid square block WACS_BOARD 0x2592 # h board of squares WACS_BTEE 0x2534 + v bottom tee WACS_BULLET 0x00b7 o ~ bullet WACS_CKBOARD 0x2592 : a checker board (stipple) WACS_DARROW 0x2193 v . arrow pointing down WACS_DEGREE 0x00b0 ' f degree symbol WACS_DIAMOND 0x25c6 + ` diamond WACS_GEQUAL 0x2265 > > greater-than-or-equal-to WACS_HLINE 0x2500 - q horizontal line WACS_LANTERN 0x2603 # i lantern symbol WACS_LARROW 0x2190 < , arrow pointing left WACS_LEQUAL 0x2264 < y less-than-or-equal-to WACS_LLCORNER 0x2514 + m lower left-hand corner WACS_LRCORNER 0x2518 + j lower right-hand corner WACS_LTEE 0x2524 + t left tee WACS_NEQUAL 0x2260 ! | not-equal WACS_PI 0x03c0 * { greek pi WACS_PLMINUS 0x00b1 # g plus/minus WACS_PLUS 0x253c + n plus WACS_RARROW 0x2192 > + arrow pointing right WACS_RTEE 0x251c + u right tee WACS_S1 0x23ba - o scan line 1 WACS_S3 0x23bb - p scan line 3 WACS_S7 0x23bc - r scan line 7 WACS_S9 0x23bd _ s scan line 9 WACS_STERLING 0x00a3 f } pound-sterling symbol WACS_TTEE 0x252c + w top tee WACS_UARROW 0x2191 ^ - arrow pointing up WACS_ULCORNER 0x250c + l upper left-hand corner WACS_URCORNER 0x2510 + k upper right-hand corner WACS_VLINE 0x2502 | x vertical line The wide-character configuration of ncurses also defines symbols for thick lines (acsc "J" to "V"): ACS Unicode ASCII acsc Glyph Name Default Default char Name ----------------------------------------------------------------------- WACS_T_BTEE 0x253b + V thick tee pointing up WACS_T_HLINE 0x2501 - Q thick horizontal line WACS_T_LLCORNER 0x2517 + M thick lower left corner WACS_T_LRCORNER 0x251b + J thick lower right corner WACS_T_LTEE 0x252b + T thick tee pointing right WACS_T_PLUS 0x254b + N thick large plus WACS_T_RTEE 0x2523 + U thick tee pointing left WACS_T_TTEE 0x2533 + W thick tee pointing down WACS_T_ULCORNER 0x250f + L thick upper left corner WACS_T_URCORNER 0x2513 + K thick upper right corner WACS_T_VLINE 0x2503 | X thick vertical line and for double-lines (acsc "A" to "I"): ACS Unicode ASCII acsc Glyph Name Default Default char Name ------------------------------------------------------------------------ WACS_D_BTEE 0x2569 + H double tee pointing up WACS_D_HLINE 0x2550 - R double horizontal line WACS_D_LLCORNER 0x255a + D double lower left corner WACS_D_LRCORNER 0x255d + A double lower right corner WACS_D_LTEE 0x2560 + F double tee pointing right WACS_D_PLUS 0x256c + E double large plus WACS_D_RTEE 0x2563 + G double tee pointing left WACS_D_TTEE 0x2566 + I double tee pointing down WACS_D_ULCORNER 0x2554 + C double upper left corner WACS_D_URCORNER 0x2557 + B double upper right corner WACS_D_VLINE 0x2551 | Y double vertical line Unicode's descriptions for these characters differs slightly from ncurses, by introducing the term "light" (along with less important details). Here are its descriptions for the normal, thick, and double horizontal lines: o U+2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL o U+2501 BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL o U+2550 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL

RETURN VALUE

All routines return the integer ERR upon failure and OK on success. X/Open does not define any error conditions. This implementation returns an error o if the window pointer is null or o if it is not possible to add a complete character in the window. The latter may be due to different causes: o If scrollok is not enabled, writing a character at the lower right margin succeeds. However, an error is returned because it is not possible to wrap to a new line o If an error is detected when converting a multibyte character to a sequence of bytes, or if it is not possible to add all of the resulting bytes in the window, an error is returned. Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor movement using wmove, and return an error if the position is outside the window, or if the window pointer is null.

NOTES

Note that add_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, and echo_wchar may be macros.

PORTABILITY

All of these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4. The defaults specified for line-drawing characters apply in the POSIX locale. X/Open Curses makes it clear that the WACS_ symbols should be defined as a pointer to cchar_t data, e.g., in the discussion of border_set. A few implementations are problematic: o NetBSD curses defines the symbols as a wchar_t within a cchar_t. o HPUX curses equates some of the ACS_ symbols to the analogous WACS_ symbols as if the ACS_ symbols were wide characters. The misdefined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which are not used for line-drawing. X/Open Curses does not define symbols for thick- or double-lines. SVr4 curses implementations defined their line-drawing symbols in terms of intermediate symbols. This implementation extends those symbols, providing new definitions which are not in the SVr4 implementations. Not all Unicode-capable terminals provide support for VT100-style alternate character sets (i.e., the acsc capability), with their corresponding line-drawing characters. X/Open Curses did not address the aspect of integrating Unicode with line-drawing characters. Existing implementations of Unix curses (AIX, HPUX, Solaris) use only the acsc character-mapping to provide this feature. As a result, those implementations can only use single-byte line-drawing characters. Ncurses 5.3 (2002) provided a table of Unicode values to solve these problems. NetBSD curses incorporated that table in 2010. In this implementation, the Unicode values are used instead of the terminal description's acsc mapping as discussed in ncurses(3X) for the environment variable NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS. In contrast, for the same cases, the line-drawing characters described in curs_addch(3X) will use only the ASCII default values. Having Unicode available does not solve all of the problems with line- drawing for curses: o The closest Unicode equivalents to the VT100 graphics S1, S3, S7 and S9 frequently are not displayed at the regular intervals which the terminal used. o The lantern is a special case. It originated with the AT&T 4410 terminal in the early 1980s. There is no accessible documentation depicting the lantern symbol on the AT&T terminal. Lacking documentation, most readers assume that a storm lantern was intended. But there are several possibilities, all with problems. Unicode 6.0 (2010) does provide two lantern symbols: U+1F383 and U+1F3EE. Those were not available in 2002, and are irrelevant since they lie outside the BMP and as a result are not generally available in terminals. They are not storm lanterns, in any case. Most storm lanterns have a tapering glass chimney (to guard against tipping); some have a wire grid protecting the chimney. For the tapering appearance, <?> U+2603 was adequate. In use on a terminal, no one can tell what the image represents. Unicode calls it a snowman. Others have suggested these alternatives: <section> U+00A7 (section mark), <Theta> U+0398 (theta), <Phi> U+03A6 (phi), <delta> U+03B4 (delta), <?> U+2327 (x in a rectangle), <?> U+256C (forms double vertical and horizontal), and <?> U+2612 (ballot box with x).

SEE ALSO

curses(3X), curs_addch(3X), curs_attr(3X), curs_clear(3X), curs_outopts(3X), curs_refresh(3X), putwc(3) curs_add_wch(3X)

Search: Section: