DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages
ADD(1) DragonFly General Commands Manual ADD(1)
NAME
add - full-screen editing calculator
USAGE
add [options] [file-specifications]
SYNOPSIS
Add is a fixed-point calculator that operates as a full-screen editor.
DESCRIPTION
Add performs fixed-point computation. It is designed for use as a
checkbook or expense-account balancing tool.
Add maintains a running result for each operation. You may scroll to
any position in the expression list and modify the list. Enter data by
typing numbers (with optional decimal point), separated by operators.
An output transcript may be saved and reloaded for further editing.
Scripts are loaded from left to right (with the "output" processed
first).
OPTIONS
Command line options of add are:
-h Prints the list of options.
-i interval
Sets compounding interval for interest computation.
-o script
Specify file in which to save output transcript.
-p num Sets precision (number of digits after the decimal place).
OPERATIONS
Computations:
The operators are all single-character:
* begins an addition
- begins a subtraction
~ negates the result
* begins a multiplication
/ begins a division
% begins an interest computation (uses interval): rate=number.
$ begins a sales-tax computation: rate=number.
( opening parenthesis. This may enclose a unary '-', more
parentheses, or data (implicit unary '+').
) closing parenthesis, expects another operator, not data.
= flushes out the current number, forces re-computation of the
running result.
w increases the width used for numbers by one column up to a
platform-specific value.
W decreases the width used for numbers by one column, down to a
minimum of 6.
A space flushes out the current number-input, and (by default) sets the
next operator to be the same as the current one. You may repeat the
last arithmetic operation of any type:
a repeats the last '+' (default 0).
s repeats the last '-' (default 0).
n repeats the last '~'.
m repeats the last '*' (default 1).
d repeats the last '/' (default 1).
i repeats the last '%' (default 4).
t repeats the last '$' (default 4).
You may toggle the prefix operator of any number by typing a single
character:
A toggles the operator to '+'.
S toggles the operator to '-'.
N toggles the operator to '~'.
M toggles the operator to '*'.
D toggles the operator to '/'.
I toggles the operator to '%'.
T toggles the operator to '$'.
Editing:
As you enter data, you may edit it. A backspace deletes the last digit
of the current number (if it is visible). Use the arrow keys or vi-
style 'h' and 'l' to move left and right within the line. Other
editing commands include
u undoes the last x/X command (restricted to restoring the current
data only).
x deletes the current data. If the data is null, deletes the
following line.
X deletes the current data. If the data is null, deletes the
preceding line and moves up.
o opens a new line after the current line.
O opens a new line before the current line.
# edit the associated comment.
An "open" permits you to insert a new operator and data into the
expression list. You may type an operator character (e.g., '+'), and
continue with the new data, or an operator-repeat (e.g., 'A'). In
either case, you may edit the new data, just as you would the old data.
A 'u' (or other toggle, such as 'o', 'O', or 'q') typed after an open
will undo the open (and close it).
Scrolling/cursor movement:
H move to the top line on the screen.
M move to the middle line on the screen.
L move to the last line on the screen
CTL/F scroll forward one screen.
CTL/B scroll backward one screen.
j move forward one line.
k move backward one line.
z<CR> move the current line to the top of the screen.
z. move the current line to the middle of the screen.
z- move the current line to the bottom of the screen.
Like vi, add allows you to jump to a particular line with a ":" command
:$ jumps to the last entry
:1 jumps to the first entry.
Scripts:
Transcript files are formatted to permit line-oriented entries:
<operator><value><blank><ignored><blank># comment
The transcripts saved by add contain the running result in the
"ignored" part. To exit without saving a transcript, type 'Q'. A
normal exit, by typing 'q', saves the list of operators, data (and
running result) in the specified file.
You can read and write scripts without leaving add.
:e file
clears the current script and reads a script from the file.
:f shows the current script name.
:r file
reads a script at the current entry
:w file
writes a script to the specified file.
ENVIRONMENT
Add runs in a portable UNIX(R) environment.
FILES
Add is a single binary module, with a help file add.hlp installed in
the same directory.
FUTURE WORK
It would be nice to be able to change the precision within the program.
In particular, the interest and sales tax computations would be more
useful if their precision was independent of the running total.
AUTHOR
Thomas E. Dickey
SEE ALSO
wc (1), vi (1)
ADD(1)
curs_add_wch(3X) curs_add_wch(3X)
NAME
add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, echo_wchar, wecho_wchar - add
a complex character and rendition to a curses window, then advance the
cursor
SYNOPSIS
#include <ncurses/curses.h>
int add_wch( const cchar_t *wch );
int wadd_wch( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch );
int mvadd_wch( int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch );
int mvwadd_wch( WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch );
int echo_wchar( const cchar_t *wch );
int wecho_wchar( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch );
DESCRIPTION
add_wch
The add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, and mvwadd_wch functions put the
complex character wch into the given window at its current position,
which is then advanced. These functions perform wrapping and special-
character processing as follows:
o If wch refers to a spacing character, then any previous character
at that location is removed. A new character specified by wch is
placed at that location with rendition specified by wch. The
cursor then advances to the next spacing character on the screen.
o If wch refers to a non-spacing character, all previous characters
at that location are preserved. The non-spacing characters of wch
are added to the spacing complex character, and the rendition
specified by wch is ignored.
o If the character part of wch is a tab, newline, backspace or other
control character, the window is updated and the cursor moves as if
addch were called.
echo_wchar
The echo_wchar function is functionally equivalent to a call to add_wch
followed by a call to refresh(3X). Similarly, the wecho_wchar is
functionally equivalent to a call to wadd_wch followed by a call to
wrefresh. The knowledge that only a single character is being output
is taken into consideration and, for non-control characters, a
considerable performance gain might be seen by using the *echo*
functions instead of their equivalents.
Line Graphics
Like addch(3X), addch_wch accepts symbols which make it simple to draw
lines and other frequently used special characters. These symbols
correspond to the same VT100 line-drawing set as addch(3X).
ACS Unicode ASCII acsc Glyph
Name Default Default char Name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
WACS_BLOCK 0x25ae # 0 solid square block
WACS_BOARD 0x2592 # h board of squares
WACS_BTEE 0x2534 + v bottom tee
WACS_BULLET 0x00b7 o ~ bullet
WACS_CKBOARD 0x2592 : a checker board (stipple)
WACS_DARROW 0x2193 v . arrow pointing down
WACS_DEGREE 0x00b0 ' f degree symbol
WACS_DIAMOND 0x25c6 + ` diamond
WACS_GEQUAL 0x2265 > > greater-than-or-equal-to
WACS_HLINE 0x2500 - q horizontal line
WACS_LANTERN 0x2603 # i lantern symbol
WACS_LARROW 0x2190 < , arrow pointing left
WACS_LEQUAL 0x2264 < y less-than-or-equal-to
WACS_LLCORNER 0x2514 + m lower left-hand corner
WACS_LRCORNER 0x2518 + j lower right-hand corner
WACS_LTEE 0x2524 + t left tee
WACS_NEQUAL 0x2260 ! | not-equal
WACS_PI 0x03c0 * { greek pi
WACS_PLMINUS 0x00b1 # g plus/minus
WACS_PLUS 0x253c + n plus
WACS_RARROW 0x2192 > + arrow pointing right
WACS_RTEE 0x251c + u right tee
WACS_S1 0x23ba - o scan line 1
WACS_S3 0x23bb - p scan line 3
WACS_S7 0x23bc - r scan line 7
WACS_S9 0x23bd _ s scan line 9
WACS_STERLING 0x00a3 f } pound-sterling symbol
WACS_TTEE 0x252c + w top tee
WACS_UARROW 0x2191 ^ - arrow pointing up
WACS_ULCORNER 0x250c + l upper left-hand corner
WACS_URCORNER 0x2510 + k upper right-hand corner
WACS_VLINE 0x2502 | x vertical line
The wide-character configuration of ncurses also defines symbols for
thick lines (acsc "J" to "V"):
ACS Unicode ASCII acsc Glyph
Name Default Default char Name
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
WACS_T_BTEE 0x253b + V thick tee pointing up
WACS_T_HLINE 0x2501 - Q thick horizontal line
WACS_T_LLCORNER 0x2517 + M thick lower left corner
WACS_T_LRCORNER 0x251b + J thick lower right corner
WACS_T_LTEE 0x252b + T thick tee pointing right
WACS_T_PLUS 0x254b + N thick large plus
WACS_T_RTEE 0x2523 + U thick tee pointing left
WACS_T_TTEE 0x2533 + W thick tee pointing down
WACS_T_ULCORNER 0x250f + L thick upper left corner
WACS_T_URCORNER 0x2513 + K thick upper right corner
WACS_T_VLINE 0x2503 | X thick vertical line
and for double-lines (acsc "A" to "I"):
ACS Unicode ASCII acsc Glyph
Name Default Default char Name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
WACS_D_BTEE 0x2569 + H double tee pointing up
WACS_D_HLINE 0x2550 - R double horizontal line
WACS_D_LLCORNER 0x255a + D double lower left corner
WACS_D_LRCORNER 0x255d + A double lower right corner
WACS_D_LTEE 0x2560 + F double tee pointing right
WACS_D_PLUS 0x256c + E double large plus
WACS_D_RTEE 0x2563 + G double tee pointing left
WACS_D_TTEE 0x2566 + I double tee pointing down
WACS_D_ULCORNER 0x2554 + C double upper left corner
WACS_D_URCORNER 0x2557 + B double upper right corner
WACS_D_VLINE 0x2551 | Y double vertical line
Unicode's descriptions for these characters differs slightly from
ncurses, by introducing the term "light" (along with less important
details). Here are its descriptions for the normal, thick, and double
horizontal lines:
o U+2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
o U+2501 BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL
o U+2550 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL
RETURN VALUE
All routines return the integer ERR upon failure and OK on success.
X/Open does not define any error conditions. This implementation
returns an error
o if the window pointer is null or
o if it is not possible to add a complete character in the window.
The latter may be due to different causes:
o If scrollok is not enabled, writing a character at the lower right
margin succeeds. However, an error is returned because it is not
possible to wrap to a new line
o If an error is detected when converting a multibyte character to a
sequence of bytes, or if it is not possible to add all of the
resulting bytes in the window, an error is returned.
Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor movement using
wmove, and return an error if the position is outside the window, or if
the window pointer is null.
NOTES
Note that add_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, and echo_wchar may be macros.
PORTABILITY
All of these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue
4. The defaults specified for line-drawing characters apply in the
POSIX locale.
X/Open Curses makes it clear that the WACS_ symbols should be defined
as a pointer to cchar_t data, e.g., in the discussion of border_set. A
few implementations are problematic:
o NetBSD curses defines the symbols as a wchar_t within a cchar_t.
o HPUX curses equates some of the ACS_ symbols to the analogous WACS_
symbols as if the ACS_ symbols were wide characters. The
misdefined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which are not
used for line-drawing.
X/Open Curses does not define symbols for thick- or double-lines. SVr4
curses implementations defined their line-drawing symbols in terms of
intermediate symbols. This implementation extends those symbols,
providing new definitions which are not in the SVr4 implementations.
Not all Unicode-capable terminals provide support for VT100-style
alternate character sets (i.e., the acsc capability), with their
corresponding line-drawing characters. X/Open Curses did not address
the aspect of integrating Unicode with line-drawing characters.
Existing implementations of Unix curses (AIX, HPUX, Solaris) use only
the acsc character-mapping to provide this feature. As a result, those
implementations can only use single-byte line-drawing characters.
Ncurses 5.3 (2002) provided a table of Unicode values to solve these
problems. NetBSD curses incorporated that table in 2010.
In this implementation, the Unicode values are used instead of the
terminal description's acsc mapping as discussed in ncurses(3X) for the
environment variable NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS. In contrast, for the same
cases, the line-drawing characters described in curs_addch(3X) will use
only the ASCII default values.
Having Unicode available does not solve all of the problems with line-
drawing for curses:
o The closest Unicode equivalents to the VT100 graphics S1, S3, S7
and S9 frequently are not displayed at the regular intervals which
the terminal used.
o The lantern is a special case. It originated with the AT&T 4410
terminal in the early 1980s. There is no accessible documentation
depicting the lantern symbol on the AT&T terminal.
Lacking documentation, most readers assume that a storm lantern was
intended. But there are several possibilities, all with problems.
Unicode 6.0 (2010) does provide two lantern symbols: U+1F383 and
U+1F3EE. Those were not available in 2002, and are irrelevant
since they lie outside the BMP and as a result are not generally
available in terminals. They are not storm lanterns, in any case.
Most storm lanterns have a tapering glass chimney (to guard against
tipping); some have a wire grid protecting the chimney.
For the tapering appearance, <?> U+2603 was adequate. In use on a
terminal, no one can tell what the image represents. Unicode calls
it a snowman.
Others have suggested these alternatives: <section> U+00A7 (section
mark), <Theta> U+0398 (theta), <Phi> U+03A6 (phi), <delta> U+03B4
(delta), <?> U+2327 (x in a rectangle), <?> U+256C (forms double
vertical and horizontal), and <?> U+2612 (ballot box with x).
SEE ALSO
curses(3X), curs_addch(3X), curs_attr(3X), curs_clear(3X),
curs_outopts(3X), curs_refresh(3X), putwc(3)
curs_add_wch(3X)